UI: T020 STY: Acquired Abnormality ABR: acab STN: A1.2.2.2 DEF: An abnormal structure, or one that is abnormal in size or location, found in or deriving from a previously normal structure. Acquired abnormalities are distinguished from diseases even though they may result in pathological functioning (e.g., "hernias incarcerate"). EX: Hemorrhoids; Hernia, Femoral; Varicose Veins; Abscess of prostate HL: {isa} Anatomical Abnormality UI: T052 STY: Activity ABR: acty STN: B1 DEF: An operation or series of operations that an organism or machine carries out or participates in. EX: Expeditions; Information Distribution; Social Planning; Return Migration UN: Few concepts will be assigned to this broad type. Wherever possible, one of the more specific types from this hierarchy will be chosen. For concepts assigned to this type, the focus of interest is on the activity. When the focus of interest is the individual or group that is carrying out the activity, then a type from the 'Behavior' hierarchy will be chosen. In general, concepts will not receive a type from both the 'Activity' and the 'Behavior' hierarchies. HL: {isa} Event; {inverse_isa} Behavior; {inverse_isa} Daily or Recreational Activity; {inverse_isa} Occupational Activity; {inverse_isa} Machine Activity UI: T100 STY: Age Group ABR: aggp STN: A2.9.4 DEF: An individual or individuals classified according to their age. EX: Adult; Aged, 80 and over; Infant, Premature; Adolescent HL: {isa} Group UI: T003 STY: Alga ABR: alga STN: A1.1.1.1 DEF: A chiefly aquatic plant that contains chlorophyll, but does not form embryos during development and lacks vascular tissue. EX: Chlorella; Laminaria; Seaweed HL: {isa} Plant UI: T087 STY: Amino Acid Sequence ABR: amas STN: A2.1.5.3.2 DEF: The sequence of amino acids as arrayed in chains, sheets, etc., within the protein molecule. It is of fundamental importance in determining protein structure. EX: Signal Sequences, Peptide; arginyl-glycyl-aspartic acid; Homologous Sequences, Amino Acid HL: {isa} Molecular Sequence UI: T116 STY: Amino Acid, Peptide, or Protein ABR: aapp STN: A1.4.1.2.1.7 DEF: Amino acids and chains of amino acids connected by peptide linkages. EX: Acetylcysteine; Glycoproteins; Peptidyl-Dipeptidase A; glycylglutamine UN: When the concept is both an enzyme and a protein, this type and the type 'Enzyme' will be assigned. HL: {isa} Organic Chemical UI: T011 STY: Amphibian ABR: amph STN: A1.1.7.2.1 DEF: A cold-blooded, smooth-skinned vertebrate which characteristically hatches as an aquatic larva, breathing by gills. When mature, the amphibian breathes with lungs. EX: Salamandra; Urodela; Brazilian horned frog HL: {isa} Vertebrate UI: T190 STY: Anatomical Abnormality ABR: anab STN: A1.2.2 DEF: An abnormal structure, or one that is abnormal in size or location. UN: Use this type if the abnormality in question can be either an acquired or congenital abnormality. Neoplasms are not included here. These are given the type 'Neoplastic Process'. If an anatomical abnormality has a pathologic manifestation, then it will additionally be given the type 'Disease or Syndrome', e.g., "Diabetic Cataract" will be double-typed for this reason. HL: {isa} Anatomical Structure; {inverse_isa} Congenital Abnormality; {inverse_isa} Acquired Abnormality UI: T017 STY: Anatomical Structure ABR: anst STN: A1.2 DEF: A normal or pathological part of the anatomy or structural organization of an organism. UN: Few concepts will be assigned to this broad type. NH: Y HL: {isa} Physical Object; {inverse_isa} Embryonic Structure; {inverse_isa} Fully Formed Anatomical Structure; {inverse_isa} Anatomical Abnormality UI: T008 STY: Animal ABR: anim STN: A1.1.7 DEF: An organism with eukaryotic cells, and lacking stiff cell walls, plastids and photosynthetic pigments. EX: Animals, Laboratory; Animals, Newborn; Animals, Poisonous HL: {isa} Organism; {inverse_isa} Invertebrate; {inverse_isa} Vertebrate UI: T195 STY: Antibiotic ABR: antb STN: A1.4.1.1.1.1 DEF: A pharmacologically active compound produced by growing microorganisms which kill or inhibit growth of other microorganisms. EX: Antibiotics; Cephalosporins; Methicillin HL: {isa} Pharmacologic Substance UI: T194 STY: Archaeon ABR: arch STN: A1.1.6 DEF: A member of one of the three domains of life, formerly called Archaebacteria under the taxon Bacteria, but now considered separate and distinct. Archaea are characterized by: 1) the presence of characteristic tRNAs and ribosomal RNAs; 2) the absence of peptidoglycan cell walls; 3) the presence of ether-linked lipids built from branched-chain subunits; and 4) their occurrence in unusual habitats. While archaea resemble bacteria in morphology and genomic organization, they resemble eukarya in their method of genomic replication. EX: Thermoproteales; Haloferax volcanii; Methanospirillum HL: {isa} Organism UI: T007 STY: Bacterium ABR: bact STN: A1.1.5 DEF: A small, typically one-celled, prokaryotic micro-organism. EX: Acetobacter; Bacillus cereus; Cytophaga; Enterobacter intermedium HL: {isa} Organism UI: T053 STY: Behavior ABR: bhvr STN: B1.1 DEF: Any of the psycho-social activities of humans or animals that can be observed directly by others or can be made systematically observable by the use of special strategies. UN: Few concepts will be assigned to this broad type. For concepts assigned to the 'Behavior' hierarchy, the focus of interest is on the individual or group that is carrying out the activity. When the activity is of paramount interest, then a type from the 'Activity' hierarchy will be chosen. In general, concepts will not receive a type from both the 'Behavior' and the 'Activity' hierarchies. NH: Y HL: {isa} Activity; {inverse_isa} Social Behavior; {inverse_isa} Individual Behavior UI: T038 STY: Biologic Function ABR: biof STN: B2.2.1 DEF: A state, activity or process of the body or one of its systems or parts. UN: Few concepts will be assigned to this broad type. NH: Y HL: {isa} Natural Phenomenon or Process; {inverse_isa} Physiologic Function; {inverse_isa} Pathologic Function UI: T123 STY: Biologically Active Substance ABR: bacs STN: A1.4.1.1.3 DEF: A generally endogenous substance produced or required by an organism, of primary interest because of its role in the biologic functioning of the organism that produces it. EX: Enzyme Precursors; Gastric Acid; Growth Substances UN: If a substance is both endogenous and typically used as a drug, then this type and the type 'Pharmacologic Substance' are assigned. HL: {isa} Chemical Viewed Functionally; {inverse_isa} Neuroreactive Substance or Biogenic Amine; {inverse_isa} Hormone; {inverse_isa} Enzyme; {inverse_isa} Vitamin; {inverse_isa} Immunologic Factor; {inverse_isa} Receptor UI: T091 STY: Biomedical Occupation or Discipline ABR: bmod STN: A2.6.1 DEF: A vocation, academic discipline, or field of study related to biomedicine. EX: Adolescent Medicine; Cellular Neurobiology; Dentistry; Dermatology; Emergency Nursing HL: {isa} Occupation or Discipline UI: T122 STY: Biomedical or Dental Material ABR: bodm STN: A1.4.1.1.2 DEF: A substance used in biomedicine or dentistry predominantly for its physical, as opposed to chemical, properties. Included here are biocompatible materials, tissue adhesives, bone cements, resins, toothpastes, etc. EX: Anion Exchange Resins; Bone Cements; Dental Casting Investment; Elastosil HL: {isa} Chemical Viewed Functionally UI: T012 STY: Bird ABR: bird STN: A1.1.7.2.2 DEF: A vertebrate having a constant body temperature and characterized by the presence of feathers. EX: Serinus; Pigeons; Quail HL: {isa} Vertebrate UI: T029 STY: Body Location or Region ABR: blor STN: A2.1.5.2 DEF: An area, subdivision, or region of the body demarcated for the purpose of topographical description. EX: Forehead; Base of left lung; Anterior chest wall; Lateral surface of thumb; Lower anterior segment of dental arch UN: When assigning this type, consider whether 'Body Part, Organ, or Organ Component' might be the correct choice. NH: Y HL: {isa} Spatial Concept UI: T023 STY: Body Part, Organ, or Organ Component ABR: bpoc STN: A1.2.3.1 DEF: A collection of cells and tissues which are localized to a specific area or combine and carry out one or more specialized functions of an organism. This ranges from gross structures to small components of complex organs. These structures are relatively localized in comparison to tissues. EX: Femur; Kidney Glomerulus; Pulmonary Artery; Articular cartilage of distal tibia UN: When assigning this type, consider whether 'Body Location or Region' might be the correct choice. HL: {isa} Fully Formed Anatomical Structure UI: T030 STY: Body Space or Junction ABR: bsoj STN: A2.1.5.1 DEF: An area enclosed or surrounded by body parts or organs or the place where two anatomical structures meet or connect. EX: Knee Joint; Peritoneal Cavity; Synapses; Canal of Hering; Held's space NH: Y HL: {isa} Spatial Concept UI: T031 STY: Body Substance ABR: bdsu STN: A1.4.2 DEF: Extracellular material, or mixtures of cells and extracellular material, produced, excreted, or accreted by the body. Included here are substances such as saliva, dental enamel, sweat, and gastric acid. EX: Amniotic Fluid; Saliva; Bronchial washings NH: Y HL: {isa} Substance UI: T022 STY: Body System ABR: bdsy STN: A2.1.4.1 DEF: A complex of anatomical structures that performs a common function. EX: Limbic System; Renin-Angiotensin System; Reticuloendothelial System; Skeletal system HL: {isa} Functional Concept UI: T118 STY: Carbohydrate ABR: carb STN: A1.4.1.2.1.8 DEF: A generic term that includes monosaccharides, oligosaccharides, and polysaccharides as well as substances derived from monosaccharides by reduction of the carbonyl group (alditols), by oxidation of one or more terminal group to carboxylic acids, or by replacement of one or more hydroxy groups by a hydrogen atom, an amino group, a thiol group or similar heteroatomic groups. It also includes derivatives of these compounds. Included here are sugar phosphates. Excluded are glycolipids and glycoproteins. EX: Deoxyglucose; Glycosides; Polysaccharides; Sepharose UN: Glycoproteins should only be typed as 'Amino Acid, Peptide, or Protein'. Sugar phosphates should only be typed as 'Carbohydrate'. Glycolipids should only be typed as 'Lipid'. HL: {isa} Organic Chemical UI: T088 STY: Carbohydrate Sequence ABR: crbs STN: A2.1.5.3.3 DEF: The sequence of carbohydrates within polysaccharides, glycoproteins, and glycolipids. EX: Abnormal carbohydrate sequence; L-rhamnosyl-epsilon-rhodomycinone HL: {isa} Molecular Sequence UI: T025 STY: Cell ABR: cell STN: A1.2.3.3 DEF: The fundamental structural and functional unit of living organisms. EX: Dendritic Cells; Erythrocytes; Histiocytes HL: {isa} Fully Formed Anatomical Structure UI: T026 STY: Cell Component ABR: celc STN: A1.2.3.4 DEF: A part of a cell or the intercellular matrix, generally visible by light microscopy. EX: Golgi Apparatus; Microsomes; Organelles HL: {isa} Fully Formed Anatomical Structure UI: T043 STY: Cell Function ABR: celf STN: B2.2.1.1.3 DEF: A physiologic function inherent to cells or cell components. EX: Cell Cycle; Cell Division; Erythrocyte Aggregation; Phagocytosis HL: {isa} Physiologic Function UI: T049 STY: Cell or Molecular Dysfunction ABR: comd STN: B2.2.1.2.2 DEF: A pathologic function inherent to cells, parts of cells, or molecules. EX: DNA Damage; Wallerian Degeneration; Atypical squamous metaplasia UN: This is not intended to be a repository for diseases whose molecular basis has been established. HL: {isa} Pathologic Function UI: T103 STY: Chemical ABR: chem STN: A1.4.1 DEF: Compounds or substances of definite molecular composition. Chemicals are viewed from two distinct perspectives in the network, functionally and structurally. Almost every chemical concept is assigned at least two types, generally one from the structure hierarchy and at least one from the function hierarchy. UN: Few concepts will be assigned to this broad type. HL: {isa} Substance; {inverse_isa} Chemical Viewed Structurally; {inverse_isa} Chemical Viewed Functionally UI: T120 STY: Chemical Viewed Functionally ABR: chvf STN: A1.4.1.1 DEF: A chemical viewed from the perspective of its functional characteristics or pharmacological activities. EX: Aerosol Propellants; Food Additives; Soaps UN: A specific chemical will not be assigned here. Groupings of chemicals viewed functionally, such as "Aerosol Propellants" may appropriately be assigned here. A name that is inherently functional, such as "Food Additives", will not also be assigned a type from the 'Chemical Viewed Structurally' hierarchy. HL: {isa} Chemical; {inverse_isa} Pharmacologic Substance; {inverse_isa} Biomedical or Dental Material; {inverse_isa} Biologically Active Substance; {inverse_isa} Indicator, Reagent, or Diagnostic Aid; {inverse_isa} Hazardous or Poisonous Substance UI: T104 STY: Chemical Viewed Structurally ABR: chvs STN: A1.4.1.2 DEF: A chemical or chemicals viewed from the perspective of their structural characteristics. Included here are concepts which can mean either a salt, an ion, or a compound (e.g., "Bromates" and "Bromides"). EX: Ammonium Compounds; Cations; Siloxanes; Sulfur Compounds UN: Concepts are assigned to this type if they can be both organic and inorganic, e.g. sulfur compounds. Do not use this type if the concept has an important functional aspect, e.g., "Mylanta Double Strength Liquid" contains Al(OH)3, Mg(OH)2, and simethicone, but would be assigned only to 'Pharmacologic Substance'. HL: {isa} Chemical; {inverse_isa} Organic Chemical; {inverse_isa} Element, Ion, or Isotope; {inverse_isa} Inorganic Chemical UI: T185 STY: Classification ABR: clas STN: A2.4.1 DEF: A term or system of terms denoting an arrangement by class or category. EX: Chemicals and Drugs (MeSH Category); Axis I; Gleason grade 2; C1 certainty HL: {isa} Intellectual Product UI: T201 STY: Clinical Attribute ABR: clna STN: A2.3.1 DEF: An observable or measurable property or state of an organism of clinical interest. EX: body density; ALANINE AMINOTRANSFERASE:CATALYTIC CONCENTRATION:POINT IN TIME:SERUM/PLASMA:QUANTITATIVE:WITHOUT P-5'-P; urine acidity UN: These are the attributes that are being evaluated or measured, not the results of the evaluation. HL: {isa} Organism Attribute UI: T200 STY: Clinical Drug ABR: clnd STN: A1.3.3 DEF: A pharmaceutical preparation as produced by the manufacturer. The name usually includes the substance, its strength, and the form, but may include the substance and only one of the other two items. EX: Zovirax Cold Sore 5% cream; sleeping pill; Acetohexamide 250 MG Oral Tablet UN: Do not double type with Pharmacologic Substance, Antibiotic, or other chemical semantic types. HL: {isa} Manufactured Object UI: T077 STY: Conceptual Entity ABR: cnce STN: A2 DEF: A broad type for grouping abstract entities or concepts. UN: Few concepts will be assigned to this broad type. HL: {isa} Entity; {inverse_isa} Organism Attribute; {inverse_isa} Finding; {inverse_isa} Idea or Concept; {inverse_isa} Occupation or Discipline; {inverse_isa} Organization; {inverse_isa} Group; {inverse_isa} Group Attribute; {inverse_isa} Intellectual Product; {inverse_isa} Language UI: T019 STY: Congenital Abnormality ABR: cgab STN: A1.2.2.1 DEF: An abnormal structure, or one that is abnormal in size or location, present at birth or evolving over time as a result of a defect in embryogenesis. EX: Cleft Palate; Gastroschisis; Acrosyndactyly of the fingers UN: If the congenital abnormality involves multiple defects then the type 'Disease or Syndrome' will also be assigned. HL: {isa} Anatomical Abnormality UI: T056 STY: Daily or Recreational Activity ABR: dora STN: B1.2 DEF: An activity carried out for recreation or exercise, or as part of daily life. EX: Mountaineering; Sports; Swimming; Daily shaving HL: {isa} Activity UI: T060 STY: Diagnostic Procedure ABR: diap STN: B1.3.1.2 DEF: A procedure, method, or technique used to determine the nature or identity of a disease or disorder. This excludes procedures which are primarily carried out on specimens in a laboratory. EX: Heart Auscultation; X-Ray Computed Tomography; Biopsy of skin; Rhinometry, Acoustic HL: {isa} Health Care Activity UI: T047 STY: Disease or Syndrome ABR: dsyn STN: B2.2.1.2.1 DEF: A condition which alters or interferes with a normal process, state, or activity of an organism. It is usually characterized by the abnormal functioning of one or more of the host's systems, parts, or organs. Included here is a complex of symptoms descriptive of a disorder. EX: Diabetes Mellitus; Dumping Syndrome; Malabsorption Syndromes; Nephrotic Syndrome UN: Any specific disease or syndrome that is modified by such modifiers as "acute", "prolonged", etc. will also be assigned to this type. If an anatomic abnormality has a pathologic manifestation, then it will be given this type as well as a type from the 'Anatomical Abnormality' hierarchy, e.g., "Diabetic Cataract" will be double-typed for this reason. HL: {isa} Pathologic Function; {inverse_isa} Mental or Behavioral Dysfunction; {inverse_isa} Neoplastic Process UI: T203 STY: Drug Delivery Device ABR: drdd STN: A1.3.1.1 DEF: A medical device that contains a clinical drug or drugs. EX: Ortho-Novum 7/7/7 28 Tablets; Heparin sodium 10,000iu/0.4mL prefilled syringe; METHYLPREDNISOLONE 16MG TAB ADT-PAK,14; Benzalkonium Chloride Wipes; EPINEPHRINE 1 MG/ML Intramuscular kit HL: {isa} Medical Device UI: T065 STY: Educational Activity ABR: edac STN: B1.3.4 DEF: An activity related to the organization and provision of education. EX: Academic Training; Community Health Education; Family Planning Training; Preceptorship HL: {isa} Occupational Activity UI: T111 STY: Eicosanoid ABR: eico STN: A1.4.1.2.1.9.2 DEF: An oxygenated metabolite from polyunsaturated 20 carbon fatty acids including lipoxygenase and cyclooxygenase products and their synthetic analogs. This includes the prostaglandins and thromboxanes. EX: 8,11,14-Eicosatrienoic Acid; Alprostadil; Thromboxane A2; Rioprostil UN: Naturally occurring eicosanoids will also be assigned to a type from the 'Biologically Active Substance' hierarchy. Synthetic eicosanoids will also be assigned to the type 'Pharmacologic Substance'. HL: {isa} Lipid UI: T196 STY: Element, Ion, or Isotope ABR: elii STN: A1.4.1.2.3 DEF: One of the 109 presently known fundamental substances that comprise all matter at and above the atomic level. This includes elemental metals, rare gases, and most abundant naturally occurring radioactive elements, as well as the ionic counterparts of elements (NA+, Cl-), and the less abundant isotopic forms. This does not include organic ions such as iodoacetate to which the type 'Organic Chemical' is assigned. EX: Carbon; Chromium Isotopes; Cobalt Radioisotopes; Deuterium; Radioisotopes; Uranium UN: Group terms such as sulfates would be assigned to the type 'Chemical Viewed Structurally'. Substances such as aluminum chloride would be assigned the type 'Inorganic Chemical'. Technetium Tc 99m Aggregated Albumin would not receive this type. HL: {isa} Chemical Viewed Structurally UI: T018 STY: Embryonic Structure ABR: emst STN: A1.2.1 DEF: An anatomical structure that exists only before the organism is fully formed; in mammals, for example, a structure that exists only prior to the birth of the organism. This structure may be normal or abnormal. EX: Blastoderm; Fetal Heart; Neural Crest HL: {isa} Anatomical Structure UI: T071 STY: Entity ABR: enty STN: A DEF: A broad type for grouping physical and conceptual entities. UN: Few concepts will be assigned to this broad type. HL: {inverse_isa} Physical Object; {inverse_isa} Conceptual Entity UI: T069 STY: Environmental Effect of Humans ABR: eehu STN: B2.1.1 DEF: A change in the natural environment that is a result of the activities of human beings. EX: Acid Rain; Water Pollution; Soil Degradation HL: {isa} Human-caused Phenomenon or Process UI: T126 STY: Enzyme ABR: enzy STN: A1.4.1.1.3.3 DEF: A complex chemical, usually a protein, that is produced by living cells and which catalyzes specific biochemical reactions. There are six main types of enzymes: oxidoreductases, transferases, hydrolases, lyases, isomerases, and ligases. EX: Complement Activating Enzymes; Glucose Oxidase; leukocyte esterase UN: Generally when a concept is assigned to this type, it will also be assigned to the type 'Amino Acid, Peptide, or Protein'. HL: {isa} Biologically Active Substance UI: T051 STY: Event ABR: evnt STN: B DEF: A broad type for grouping activities, processes and states. UN: Few concepts will be assigned to this broad type. HL: {inverse_isa} Activity; {inverse_isa} Phenomenon or Process UI: T050 STY: Experimental Model of Disease ABR: emod STN: B2.2.1.2.3 DEF: A representation in a non-human organism of a human disease for the purpose of research into its mechanism or treatment. EX: Alloxan Diabetes; Carcinoma, Ehrlich Tumor; Melanoma, Experimental HL: {isa} Pathologic Function UI: T099 STY: Family Group ABR: famg STN: A2.9.3 DEF: An individual or individuals classified according to their family relationships or relative position in the family unit. EX: Only Child; Siblings; Single Parent; Surrogate Mothers HL: {isa} Group UI: T033 STY: Finding ABR: fndg STN: A2.2 DEF: That which is discovered by direct observation or measurement of an organism attribute or condition, including the clinical history of the patient. The history of the presence of a disease is a 'Finding' and is distinguished from the disease itself. EX: Birth History; Downward displacement of diaphragm; Decreased capillary fragility; Absent tendon reflex UN: Only in rare circumstances will findings be double-typed with either 'Pathologic Function' or 'Anatomical Abnormality'. Most findings will be assigned the types 'Laboratory or Test Result' or 'Sign or Symptom'. Only those findings that relate to patient history or to the determination of a state will be assigned the type 'Finding'. HL: {isa} Conceptual Entity; {inverse_isa} Laboratory or Test Result; {inverse_isa} Sign or Symptom UI: T013 STY: Fish ABR: fish STN: A1.1.7.2.3 DEF: A cold-blooded aquatic vertebrate characterized by fins and breathing by gills. Included here are fishes having either a bony skeleton, such as a perch, or a cartilaginous skeleton, such as a shark, or those lacking a jaw, such as a lamprey or hagfish. EX: Bass; Salmonidae; Trout HL: {isa} Vertebrate UI: T168 STY: Food ABR: food STN: A1.4.3 DEF: Any substance generally containing nutrients, such as carbohydrates, proteins, and fats, that can be ingested by a living organism and metabolized into energy and body tissue. Some foods are naturally occurring, others are either partially or entirely made by humans. EX: Beverages; Egg Yolk; Margarine; Nuts UN: Food additives, food preservatives, and food dyes should be given the type 'Chemical Viewed Functionally'; "Diet Coke" would be assigned this type. HL: {isa} Substance UI: T021 STY: Fully Formed Anatomical Structure ABR: ffas STN: A1.2.3 DEF: An anatomical structure in a fully formed organism; in mammals, for example, a structure in the body after the birth of the organism. UN: Few concepts will be assigned to this broad type. HL: {isa} Anatomical Structure; {inverse_isa} Body Part, Organ, or Organ Component; {inverse_isa} Tissue; {inverse_isa} Cell; {inverse_isa} Cell Component; {inverse_isa} Gene or Genome UI: T169 STY: Functional Concept ABR: ftcn STN: A2.1.4 DEF: A concept which is of interest because it pertains to the carrying out of a process or activity. EX: Interviewer Effect; Problem Formulation; Endogenous; Responsive HL: {isa} Idea or Concept; {inverse_isa} Body System UI: T004 STY: Fungus ABR: fngs STN: A1.1.2 DEF: A eukaryotic organism characterized by the absence of chlorophyll and the presence of a rigid cell wall. Included here are both slime molds and true fungi such as yeasts, molds, mildews, and mushrooms. EX: Aspergillus clavatus; Blastomyces; Helminthosporium; Neurospora HL: {isa} Organism UI: T028 STY: Gene or Genome ABR: gngm STN: A1.2.3.5 DEF: A specific sequence, or in the case of the genome the complete sequence, of nucleotides along a molecule of DNA or RNA (in the case of some viruses) which represent the functional units of heredity. EX: Genes, Structural; Genome, Human; c-Ha-ras Genes HL: {isa} Fully Formed Anatomical Structure UI: T045 STY: Genetic Function ABR: genf STN: B2.2.1.1.4.1 DEF: Functions of or related to the maintenance, translation or expression of the genetic material. EX: Amino Acid Activation; Early Gene Transcription; Gene Amplification; RNA Splicing HL: {isa} Molecular Function UI: T083 STY: Geographic Area ABR: geoa STN: A2.1.5.4 DEF: A geographic location, generally having definite boundaries. EX: Americas; Arctic Regions; Baltimore; Canada; Far East HL: {isa} Spatial Concept UI: T064 STY: Governmental or Regulatory Activity ABR: gora STN: B1.3.3 DEF: An activity carried out by officially constituted governments, or an activity related to the creation or enforcement of the rules or regulations governing some field of endeavor. EX: Certification; Credentialing; Facility Regulation and Control; Public Assistance HL: {isa} Occupational Activity UI: T096 STY: Group ABR: grup STN: A2.9 DEF: A conceptual entity referring to the classification of individuals according to certain shared characteristics. UN: Few concepts will be assigned to this broad type. HL: {isa} Conceptual Entity; {inverse_isa} Professional or Occupational Group; {inverse_isa} Population Group; {inverse_isa} Family Group; {inverse_isa} Age Group; {inverse_isa} Patient or Disabled Group UI: T102 STY: Group Attribute ABR: grpa STN: A2.8 DEF: A conceptual entity which refers to the frequency or distribution of certain characteristics or phenomena in certain groups. EX: Family Size; Group Structure; Life Expectancy; Neonatal Mortality HL: {isa} Conceptual Entity UI: T131 STY: Hazardous or Poisonous Substance ABR: hops STN: A1.4.1.1.5 DEF: A substance of concern because of its potentially hazardous or toxic effects. This would include most drugs of abuse, as well as agents that require special handling because of their toxicity. EX: Carcinogens; Paraquat; Sodium Cyanide; Crack Cocaine UN: Most pharmaceutical agents, although potentially harmful, are excluded here and are assigned to the type 'Pharmacologic Substance'. All pesticides are assigned to this type. HL: {isa} Chemical Viewed Functionally UI: T058 STY: Health Care Activity ABR: hlca STN: B1.3.1 DEF: An activity of or relating to the practice of medicine or involving the care of patients. EX: Ambulatory Care; Clinic Activities; Geriatric Nursing; Preventive Health Services HL: {isa} Occupational Activity; {inverse_isa} Laboratory Procedure; {inverse_isa} Diagnostic Procedure; {inverse_isa} Therapeutic or Preventive Procedure UI: T093 STY: Health Care Related Organization ABR: hcro STN: A2.7.1 DEF: An established organization which carries out specific functions related to health care delivery or research in the life sciences. EX: Ambulatory Care Facilities; American Cancer Society; Health Care Coalitions; Pan American Health Organization UN: Concepts for health care related professional societies are assigned the type 'Professional Society'. HL: {isa} Organization UI: T125 STY: Hormone ABR: horm STN: A1.4.1.1.3.2 DEF: In animals, a chemical usually secreted by an endocrine gland whose products are released into the circulating fluid. Hormones act as chemical messengers and regulate various physiologic processes such as growth, reproduction, metabolism, etc. They usually fall into two broad classes, steroid hormones and peptide hormones. EX: Glucocorticoids; Gonadotropins; Pentagastrin UN: Synthetic hormones that are used as drugs should receive this type and 'Pharmacologic Substance'. Plant hormones are assigned only to the type 'Pharmacologic Substance'. HL: {isa} Biologically Active Substance UI: T016 STY: Human ABR: humn STN: A1.1.7.2.5.1 DEF: Modern man, the only remaining species of the Homo genus. EX: Hominidae; Jean Piaget UN: If a concept describes a human being from the point of view of occupational, family, social status, etc., then a type from the 'Group' hierarchy will be assigned instead. HL: {isa} Mammal UI: T068 STY: Human-caused Phenomenon or Process ABR: hcpp STN: B2.1 DEF: A phenomenon or process that is a result of the activities of human beings. EX: Accidents, Aviation; Baby Boom; Cultural Evolution UN: If the concept refers to the activity itself, rather than the result of that activity, a type from the 'Activity' hierarchy will be assigned instead. HL: {isa} Phenomenon or Process; {inverse_isa} Environmental Effect of Humans UI: T078 STY: Idea or Concept ABR: idcn STN: A2.1 DEF: An abstract concept, such as a social, religious or philosophical concept. EX: Capitalism; Civil Rights; ethics <1>; Freedom; Spiritualism HL: {isa} Conceptual Entity; {inverse_isa} Temporal Concept; {inverse_isa} Qualitative Concept; {inverse_isa} Quantitative Concept; {inverse_isa} Spatial Concept; {inverse_isa} Functional Concept UI: T129 STY: Immunologic Factor ABR: imft STN: A1.4.1.1.3.5 DEF: A biologically active substance whose activities affect or play a role in the functioning of the immune system. EX: Antilymphocyte Globulin; Autocrine Motility Factor; Blood group antibody 754 UN: Antigens and antibodies are assigned to this type. Unlike most biologically active substances, some immunologic factors may be exogenous. Vaccines should be given this type and the type 'Pharmacologic Substance'. HL: {isa} Biologically Active Substance UI: T130 STY: Indicator, Reagent, or Diagnostic Aid ABR: irda STN: A1.4.1.1.4 DEF: A substance primarily of interest for its use in laboratory or diagnostic tests and procedures to detect, measure, examine, or analyze other chemicals, processes, or conditions. EX: Congo Red; Dansyl Compounds UN: Radioactive imaging agents should be assigned to this type and not to the type 'Pharmacologic Substance' unless they are also being used therapeutically. HL: {isa} Chemical Viewed Functionally UI: T055 STY: Individual Behavior ABR: inbe STN: B1.1.2 DEF: Behavior exhibited by a human or an animal that is not a direct result of interaction with other members of the species, but which may have an effect on others. EX: Assertiveness; Fingersucking; Risk-Taking; Self Disclosure UN: 'Individual Behavior' is carried out by an individual, though others may be present, and is, thus, distinguished from 'Social Behavior' which requires the direct participation of others. HL: {isa} Behavior UI: T037 STY: Injury or Poisoning ABR: inpo STN: B2.3 DEF: A traumatic wound, injury, or poisoning caused by an external agent or force. EX: Abdominal Injuries; Accidental Falls; Carbon Monoxide Poisoning; Frostbite; Snake Bites UN: An `Injury or Poisoning' is distinguished from a 'Disease or Syndrome' that may be a result of prolonged exposure to toxic materials. HL: {isa} Phenomenon or Process UI: T197 STY: Inorganic Chemical ABR: inch STN: A1.4.1.2.2 DEF: Chemical elements and their compounds, excluding the hydrocarbons and their derivatives (except carbides, carbonates, cyanides, cyanates and carbon disulfide). Generally inorganic compounds contain ionic bonds. Included here are inorganic acids and salts, alloys, alkalies, and minerals. EX: Carbonic Acid; Sodium Chloride; Talc HL: {isa} Chemical Viewed Structurally UI: T170 STY: Intellectual Product ABR: inpr STN: A2.4 DEF: A conceptual entity resulting from human endeavor. Concepts assigned to this type generally refer to information created by humans for some purpose. EX: Decision Support Techniques; Information Systems; Literature; Population Projection UN: Concepts referring to theorems, models, and systems are assigned here. In some cases, a concept may be assigned to both 'Intellectual Product' and 'Research Activity'. For example, the concept "Comparative Study" might be viewed as both an activity and the result, or product, of that activity. HL: {isa} Conceptual Entity; {inverse_isa} Regulation or Law; {inverse_isa} Classification UI: T009 STY: Invertebrate ABR: invt STN: A1.1.7.1 DEF: An animal which has no spinal column. EX: Platyhelminths; Starfish; Strongylus; Wasps; Pheretima sieboldi UN: This type has no children in the network and is assigned to all invertebrate animals. HL: {isa} Animal UI: T034 STY: Laboratory or Test Result ABR: lbtr STN: A2.2.1 DEF: The outcome of a specific test to measure an attribute or to determine the presence, absence, or degree of a condition. EX: Forced Expiratory Volume; Abnormal skin pH; Blood carbon monoxide level; Serum sodium level UN: Laboratory or test results are considered inherently quantitative and, thus, are not assigned the additional type 'Quantitative Concept'. HL: {isa} Finding UI: T059 STY: Laboratory Procedure ABR: lbpr STN: B1.3.1.1 DEF: A procedure, method, or technique used to determine the composition, quantity, or concentration of a specimen, and which is carried out in a clinical laboratory. Included here are procedures which measure the times and rates of reactions. EX: Blood Protein Electrophoresis; Radioimmunoassay; Atherogenic index calculation HL: {isa} Health Care Activity UI: T171 STY: Language ABR: lang STN: A2.5 DEF: The system of communication used by a particular nation or people. EX: Afrikaans language; braille; Greek language; Adamawa language HL: {isa} Conceptual Entity UI: T119 STY: Lipid ABR: lipd STN: A1.4.1.2.1.9 DEF: An inclusive group of fat or fat-derived substances that are soluble in nonpolar solvents related to fatty acid esters, fatty alcohols, sterols, waxes, etc. Included in this group are the saponifiable lipids such as glycerides (fats and oils), essential (volatile) oils, and phospholipids. EX: Ceroid; Glycerides; Sphingolipids UN: Phospholipids should not also be typed with 'Organophosphorus Compound'. Fatty acids are composed of a chain of alkyl groups containing from 4-22 carbon atoms (usually even-numbered) and characterized by a terminal carboxyl group. HL: {isa} Organic Chemical; {inverse_isa} Steroid; {inverse_isa} Eicosanoid UI: T066 STY: Machine Activity ABR: mcha STN: B1.4 DEF: An activity carried out primarily or exclusively by machines. EX: Computer Simulation; Equipment Failure; Natural Language Processing; Word Processing HL: {isa} Activity UI: T015 STY: Mammal ABR: mamm STN: A1.1.7.2.5 DEF: A vertebrate having a constant body temperature and characterized by the presence of hair, mammary glands and sweat glands. EX: Ursidae Family; Hamsters; Macropus ; Macaca HL: {isa} Vertebrate; {inverse_isa} Human UI: T073 STY: Manufactured Object ABR: mnob STN: A1.3 DEF: A physical object made by human beings. EX: Car Seats; Cooking and Eating Utensils; Bulldozer; Air freshener HL: {isa} Physical Object; {inverse_isa} Medical Device; {inverse_isa} Research Device; {inverse_isa} Clinical Drug UI: T074 STY: Medical Device ABR: medd STN: A1.3.1 DEF: A manufactured object used primarily in the diagnosis, treatment, or prevention of physiologic or anatomic disorders. EX: Bone Screws; Obstetrical Forceps; Oxygenators; Infusion Pumps, Multichannel UN: A medical device may be used for research purposes, but since its primary use is for routine medical care, it is distinguished from a 'Research Device' which is used primarily for research purposes. HL: {isa} Manufactured Object; {inverse_isa} Drug Delivery Device UI: T048 STY: Mental or Behavioral Dysfunction ABR: mobd STN: B2.2.1.2.1.1 DEF: A clinically significant dysfunction whose major manifestation is behavioral or psychological. These dysfunctions may have identified or presumed biological etiologies or manifestations. EX: Agoraphobia; Cyclothymic Disorder; Hallucinations; Memory Disorders HL: {isa} Disease or Syndrome UI: T041 STY: Mental Process ABR: menp STN: B2.2.1.1.1.1 DEF: A physiologic function involving the mind or cognitive processing. EX: Anger; Auditory Fatigue; Avoidance Learning; Cognition HL: {isa} Organism Function UI: T063 STY: Molecular Biology Research Technique ABR: mbrt STN: B1.3.2.1 DEF: Any of the techniques used in the study of or the directed modification of the gene complement of a living organism. EX: Blotting, Northern; Genetic Engineering; Heterozygote Detection; Sequence Homology Determination HL: {isa} Research Activity UI: T044 STY: Molecular Function ABR: moft STN: B2.2.1.1.4 DEF: A physiologic function occurring at the molecular level. EX: Binding, Competitive; Electron Transport; Glycolysis HL: {isa} Physiologic Function; {inverse_isa} Genetic Function UI: T085 STY: Molecular Sequence ABR: mosq STN: A2.1.5.3 DEF: A broad type for grouping the collected sequences of amino acids, carbohydrates, and nucleotide sequences. Descriptions of these sequences are generally reported in the published literature and/or are deposited in and maintained by databanks such as GenBank, European Molecular Biology Laboratory (EMBL), National Biomedical Research Foundation (NBRF), or other sequence repositories. HL: {isa} Spatial Concept; {inverse_isa} Nucleotide Sequence; {inverse_isa} Amino Acid Sequence; {inverse_isa} Carbohydrate Sequence UI: T070 STY: Natural Phenomenon or Process ABR: npop STN: B2.2 DEF: A phenomenon or process that occurs irrespective of the activities of human beings. EX: Air Movements; Antibiosis; Corrosion; Lightning HL: {isa} Phenomenon or Process; {inverse_isa} Biologic Function UI: T191 STY: Neoplastic Process ABR: neop STN: B2.2.1.2.1.2 DEF: A new and abnormal growth of tissue in which the growth is uncontrolled and progressive. The growths may be malignant or benign. EX: Abdominal Neoplasms; stage IVB carcinoma of the vagina; tonsillar lymphoepithelioma UN: All neoplasms are assigned to this type. Do not also assign a type from the 'Anatomical Abnormality' hierarchy. HL: {isa} Disease or Syndrome UI: T124 STY: Neuroreactive Substance or Biogenic Amine ABR: nsba STN: A1.4.1.1.3.1 DEF: An endogenous substance whose activities affect or play an important role in the functioning of the nervous system. Included here are catecholamines, neuroregulators, neurophysins, etc. EX: gamma-Aminobutyric Acid; Neurotensin UN: Unlike many of the other types under 'Biologically Active Substance', do not assign this type to drugs that are used on the nervous system unless the compound is endogenous. HL: {isa} Biologically Active Substance UI: T114 STY: Nucleic Acid, Nucleoside, or Nucleotide ABR: nnon STN: A1.4.1.2.1.5 DEF: A complex compound of high molecular weight occurring in living cells. These are basically of two types, ribonucleic (RNA) and deoxyribonucleic (DNA) acids. Nucleic acids are made of nucleotides (nitrogen-containing base, a 5-carbon sugar, and one or more phosphate group) linked together by a phosphodiester bond between the 5' and 3' carbon atoms. Nucleosides are compounds composed of a purine or pyrimidine base (usually adenine, cytosine, guanine, thymine, uracil) linked to either a ribose or a deoxyribose sugar. EX: Adenosine; Guanine Nucleotides; Nicotinamide Mononucleotide UN: If this type has been assigned, the type 'Organophosphorus Compound' will not also be assigned. Naturally occurring nucleic acids, nucleosides, or nucleotides will also be assigned a type from the 'Biologically Active Substance' hierarchy. HL: {isa} Organic Chemical UI: T086 STY: Nucleotide Sequence ABR: nusq STN: A2.1.5.3.1 DEF: The sequence of purines and pyrimidines in nucleic acids and polynucleotides. Included here are nucleotide-rich regions, conserved sequence, and DNA transforming region. EX: Base Sequence; Direct Repeat; RNA Sequence; Regulatory sequence HL: {isa} Molecular Sequence UI: T090 STY: Occupation or Discipline ABR: ocdi STN: A2.6 DEF: A vocation, academic discipline, or field of study, or a subpart of an occupation or discipline. EX: Aviation; Craniology; Ecology; Linguistics UN: If the concept refers to the individuals who have the vocation, the type 'Professional or Occupational Group' will be assigned instead. HL: {isa} Conceptual Entity; {inverse_isa} Biomedical Occupation or Discipline UI: T057 STY: Occupational Activity ABR: ocac STN: B1.3 DEF: An activity carried out as part of an occupation or job. EX: Collective Bargaining; Commerce; Containment of Biohazards HL: {isa} Activity; {inverse_isa} Health Care Activity; {inverse_isa} Research Activity; {inverse_isa} Governmental or Regulatory Activity; {inverse_isa} Educational Activity UI: T042 STY: Organ or Tissue Function ABR: ortf STN: B2.2.1.1.2 DEF: A physiologic function of a particular organ, organ system, or tissue. EX: Osteogenesis; Renal Circulation; Tooth Calcification HL: {isa} Physiologic Function UI: T109 STY: Organic Chemical ABR: orch STN: A1.4.1.2.1 DEF: The general class of carbon-containing compounds, usually based on carbon chains or rings, and also containing hydrogen (hydrocarbons), with or without nitrogen, oxygen, or other elements in which the bonding between elements is generally covalent. EX: Benzene Derivatives; Busulfan; Methane; Toluene UN: Salts of organic chemicals (such as Calcium Acetate) would be considered organic chemicals and should not also receive the type 'Inorganic Chemical'. HL: {isa} Chemical Viewed Structurally; {inverse_isa} Nucleic Acid, Nucleoside, or Nucleotide; {inverse_isa} Organophosphorus Compound; {inverse_isa} Amino Acid, Peptide, or Protein; {inverse_isa} Carbohydrate; {inverse_isa} Lipid UI: T001 STY: Organism ABR: orgm STN: A1.1 DEF: Generally, a living individual, including all plants and animals. EX: Homozygote; Radiation Chimera; Transgenic Organisms HL: {isa} Physical Object; {inverse_isa} Plant; {inverse_isa} Fungus; {inverse_isa} Virus; {inverse_isa} Rickettsia or Chlamydia; {inverse_isa} Bacterium; {inverse_isa} Animal; {inverse_isa} Archaeon UI: T032 STY: Organism Attribute ABR: orga STN: A2.3 DEF: A property of the organism or its major parts. EX: Ambidexterity; Body Weight; Eye Color NH: Y HL: {isa} Conceptual Entity; {inverse_isa} Clinical Attribute UI: T040 STY: Organism Function ABR: orgf STN: B2.2.1.1.1 DEF: A physiologic function of the organism as a whole, of multiple organ systems, or of multiple organs or tissues. EX: Breeding; Hibernation; Homeostasis; High altitude acclimation HL: {isa} Physiologic Function; {inverse_isa} Mental Process UI: T092 STY: Organization ABR: orgt STN: A2.7 DEF: The result of uniting for a common purpose or function. The continued existence of an organization is not dependent on any of its members, its location, or particular facility. Components or subparts of organizations are also included here. Although the names of organizations are sometimes used to refer to the buildings in which they reside, they are not inherently physical in nature. EX: Labor Unions; United Nations; United States Environmental Protection Agency; Universities; European Economic Community HL: {isa} Conceptual Entity; {inverse_isa} Health Care Related Organization; {inverse_isa} Professional Society; {inverse_isa} Self-help or Relief Organization UI: T115 STY: Organophosphorus Compound ABR: opco STN: A1.4.1.2.1.6 DEF: An organic compound containing phosphorus as a constituent. Included here are organic phosphinic, phosphonic and phosphoric acid derivatives and their thiophosphorus counterparts. Excluded are phospholipids, sugar phosphates, phosphoproteins, nucleotides, and nucleic acids. EX: Diphosphonates; Phosphonoacetic Acid; Phosphoric Acid Esters; Thiamine Triphosphate HL: {isa} Organic Chemical UI: T046 STY: Pathologic Function ABR: patf STN: B2.2.1.2 DEF: A disordered process, activity, or state of the organism as a whole, of a body system or systems, or of multiple organs or tissues. Included here are normal responses to a negative stimulus as well as patholologic conditions or states that are less specific than a disease. Pathologic functions frequently have systemic effects. EX: Inflammation; Leukopenia; Shock; Abnormal general body function UN: If the process is specific, for example to a site or substance, then 'Disease or Syndrome' will be assigned and not 'Pathologic Function'. For example, "cerebral anoxia", "brain edema", and "milk hypersensitivity" will all be assigned to 'Disease or Syndrome' only. HL: {isa} Biologic Function; {inverse_isa} Disease or Syndrome; {inverse_isa} Cell or Molecular Dysfunction; {inverse_isa} Experimental Model of Disease UI: T101 STY: Patient or Disabled Group ABR: podg STN: A2.9.5 DEF: An individual or individuals classified according to a disability, disease, condition or treatment. EX: Amputees; Child, Institutionalized; Chronically Ill; Mentally Ill Persons HL: {isa} Group UI: T121 STY: Pharmacologic Substance ABR: phsu STN: A1.4.1.1.1 DEF: A substance used in the treatment or prevention of pathologic disorders. This includes substances that occur naturally in the body and are administered therapeutically. EX: Antiemetics; Cardiovascular Agents; Codeine; Morphine Sulfate UN: If a substance is both endogenous and typically used as a drug, then this type and the type 'Biologically Active Substance' or one of its children are assigned. Body substances that are used therapeutically such as whole blood preparation, NOS would only receive the type 'Body Substance'. Substances used in the diagnosis or analysis of normal and abnormal body functions should be given the type 'Indicator, Reagent, or Diagnostic Aid'. HL: {isa} Chemical Viewed Functionally; {inverse_isa} Antibiotic UI: T067 STY: Phenomenon or Process ABR: phpr STN: B2 DEF: A process or state which occurs naturally or as a result of an activity. EX: Disasters; Motor Traffic Accidents; Depolymerization HL: {isa} Event; {inverse_isa} Injury or Poisoning; {inverse_isa} Human-caused Phenomenon or Process; {inverse_isa} Natural Phenomenon or Process UI: T072 STY: Physical Object ABR: phob STN: A1 DEF: An object perceptible to the sense of vision or touch. HL: {isa} Entity; {inverse_isa} Organism; {inverse_isa} Anatomical Structure; {inverse_isa} Manufactured Object; {inverse_isa} Substance UI: T039 STY: Physiologic Function ABR: phsf STN: B2.2.1.1 DEF: A normal process, activity, or state of the body. HL: {isa} Biologic Function; {inverse_isa} Organism Function; {inverse_isa} Organ or Tissue Function; {inverse_isa} Cell Function; {inverse_isa} Molecular Function UI: T002 STY: Plant ABR: plnt STN: A1.1.1 DEF: An organism having cellulose cell walls, growing by synthesis of inorganic substances, generally distinguished by the presence of chlorophyll, and lacking the power of locomotion. Plant parts are included here as well. EX: Pollen; Potatoes; Vegetables HL: {isa} Organism; {inverse_isa} Alga UI: T098 STY: Population Group ABR: popg STN: A2.9.2 DEF: An indivdual or individuals classified according to their sex, racial origin, religion, common place of living, financial or social status, or some other cultural or behavioral attribute. EX: Asian Americans; Ethnic Groups; Low-Income Population; Adult Offenders HL: {isa} Group UI: T097 STY: Professional or Occupational Group ABR: prog STN: A2.9.1 DEF: An individual or individuals classified according to their vocation. EX: Clergy; Demographers; Hospital Volunteers; Military Personnel; Physicians; Zoologist UN: If the concept refers to the discipline or vocation itself, rather than to the individuals who have the vocation, then the type 'Occupation or Discipline' will be assigned instead. HL: {isa} Group UI: T094 STY: Professional Society ABR: pros STN: A2.7.2 DEF: An organization uniting those who have a common vocation or who are involved with a common field of study. EX: American Medical Association; International Council of Nurses; Library Associations HL: {isa} Organization UI: T080 STY: Qualitative Concept ABR: qlco STN: A2.1.2 DEF: A concept which is an assessment of some quality, rather than a direct measurement. EX: Clinical Competence; Consumer Satisfaction; Esthetics, Dental; Health Status HL: {isa} Idea or Concept UI: T081 STY: Quantitative Concept ABR: qnco STN: A2.1.3 DEF: A concept which involves the dimensions, quantity or capacity of something using some unit of measure, or which involves the quantitative comparison of entities. EX: Age Distribution; Body Height; Metric System; Secretory Rate UN: If the concept refers to rate or distribution, the type 'Temporal Concept' is not also assigned. HL: {isa} Idea or Concept UI: T192 STY: Receptor ABR: rcpt STN: A1.4.1.1.3.6 DEF: A specific structure or site on the cell surface or within its cytoplasm that recognizes and binds with other specific molecules. These include the proteins on the surface of an immunocompetent cell that binds with antigens, or proteins found on the surface molecules that bind with hormones or neurotransmitters and react with other molecules that respond in a specific way. EX: Adenosine A2 Receptor; Integrin alphaXbeta2; T-Cell Receptors alpha-Chain HL: {isa} Biologically Active Substance UI: T089 STY: Regulation or Law ABR: rnlw STN: A2.4.2 DEF: An intellectual product resulting from legislative or regulatory activity. EX: Building Codes; Criminal Law; Health Planning Guidelines; Security Measures HL: {isa} Intellectual Product UI: T014 STY: Reptile ABR: rept STN: A1.1.7.2.4 DEF: A cold-blooded vertebrate having an external covering of scales or horny plates. Reptiles breathe by means of lungs and are generally egg-laying. EX: Iguanas; Lizards; Snakes; Lachesis HL: {isa} Vertebrate UI: T062 STY: Research Activity ABR: resa STN: B1.3.2 DEF: An activity carried out as part of research or experimentation. EX: Animal Experimentation; Biomedical Research; Experimental Replication UN: In some cases, a concept may be assigned to both this type and the type 'Intellectual Product'. For example, the concept "Comparative Study" might be viewed as both an activity and the result, or product, of that activity. HL: {isa} Occupational Activity; {inverse_isa} Molecular Biology Research Technique UI: T075 STY: Research Device ABR: resd STN: A1.3.2 DEF: A manufactured object used primarily in carrying out scientific research or experimentation. EX: Cell-Free System; Cytometers, Automated, Flow; DNA Microarrays UN: A research device is distinguished from a 'Medical Device', which though it may be used for research purposes is used primarily for routine medical care. HL: {isa} Manufactured Object UI: T006 STY: Rickettsia or Chlamydia ABR: rich STN: A1.1.4 DEF: An organism intermediate in size and complexity between a virus and a bacterium, and which is parasitic within the cells of insects and ticks. Included here are all the chlamydias, also called "PLT" for psittacosis- lymphogranuloma venereum-trachoma. EX: Anaplasma; Chlamydia trachomatis; Neorickettsia risticii HL: {isa} Organism UI: T095 STY: Self-help or Relief Organization ABR: shro STN: A2.7.3 DEF: An organization whose purpose and function is to provide assistance to the needy or to offer support to those sharing similar problems. EX: Alcoholics Anonymous; Charities; Red Cross; Tuberculosis Societies HL: {isa} Organization UI: T184 STY: Sign or Symptom ABR: sosy STN: A2.2.2 DEF: An observable manifestation of a disease or condition based on clinical judgment, or a manifestation of a disease or condition which is experienced by the patient and reported as a subjective observation. EX: Dyspnea; Nausea; Pain; Pallor; Homans' sign HL: {isa} Finding UI: T054 STY: Social Behavior ABR: socb STN: B1.1.1 DEF: Behavior that is a direct result or function of the interaction of humans or animals with their fellows. This includes behavior that may be considered anti-social. EX: Acculturation; Communication; Infanticide; Interpersonal Relations; Social Conformity UN: 'Social Behavior' requires the direct participation of others and is, thus, distinguished from 'Individual Behavior' which is carried out by an individual, though others may be present. HL: {isa} Behavior UI: T082 STY: Spatial Concept ABR: spco STN: A2.1.5 DEF: A location, region, or space, generally having definite boundaries. EX: Mandibular Rest Position; Lateral; Bicoronal HL: {isa} Idea or Concept; {inverse_isa} Body Location or Region; {inverse_isa} Body Space or Junction; {inverse_isa} Geographic Area; {inverse_isa} Molecular Sequence UI: T110 STY: Steroid ABR: strd STN: A1.4.1.2.1.9.1 DEF: One of a group of polycyclic, 17-carbon-atom, fused-ring compounds occurring both in natural and synthetic forms. Included here are naturally occurring and synthetic steroids, bufanolides, cardanolides, homosteroids, norsteroids, and secosteroids. EX: Bufanolides; Ketosteroids; Norandrostanes; Prednisone HL: {isa} Lipid UI: T167 STY: Substance ABR: sbst STN: A1.4 DEF: A material with definite or fairly definite chemical composition. EX: Air <1>; Foreign Bodies; Fossils; Copper dust HL: {isa} Physical Object; {inverse_isa} Body Substance; {inverse_isa} Chemical; {inverse_isa} Food UI: T079 STY: Temporal Concept ABR: tmco STN: A2.1.1 DEF: A concept which pertains to time or duration. EX: Birth Intervals; Half-Life; Postimplantation Phase; Postoperative Period; Puerperium UN: If the concept refers to a phase, stage, cycle, interval, period, or rhythm, it is assigned to this type. HL: {isa} Idea or Concept UI: T061 STY: Therapeutic or Preventive Procedure ABR: topp STN: B1.3.1.3 DEF: A procedure, method, or technique designed to prevent a disease or a disorder, or to improve physical function, or used in the process of treating a disease or injury. EX: Cesarean Section; Hemodialysis; Vaccine Therapy HL: {isa} Health Care Activity UI: T024 STY: Tissue ABR: tisu STN: A1.2.3.2 DEF: An aggregation of similarly specialized cells and the associated intercellular substance. Tissues are relatively non-localized in comparison to body parts, organs or organ components. EX: Basophilic muscle fibers; Cartilage; Endothelium; Epidermis HL: {isa} Fully Formed Anatomical Structure UI: T010 STY: Vertebrate ABR: vtbt STN: A1.1.7.2 DEF: An animal which has a spinal column. UN: Few concepts will be assigned to this broad type. HL: {isa} Animal; {inverse_isa} Amphibian; {inverse_isa} Bird; {inverse_isa} Fish; {inverse_isa} Reptile; {inverse_isa} Mammal UI: T005 STY: Virus ABR: virs STN: A1.1.3 DEF: An organism consisting of a core of a single nucleic acid enclosed in a protective coat of protein. A virus may replicate only inside a host living cell. A virus exhibits some but not all of the usual characteristics of living things. EX: Coliphages; Echovirus 6, Human; Parvoviridae; Fort Morgan virus HL: {isa} Organism UI: T127 STY: Vitamin ABR: vita STN: A1.4.1.1.3.4 DEF: A substance, usually an organic chemical complex, present in natural products or made synthetically, which is essential in the diet of man or other higher animals. Included here are vitamin precursors, provitamins, and vitamin supplements. EX: 25-Hydroxyvitamin D 2; Biotin; Pantothenic Acid; Retinol <1>; Folinic acid preparation UN: Essential amino acids are not assigned to this type. They will be assigned to the type 'Amino Acid, Peptide, or Protein'. This can be used with 'Pharmacologic Substance' if the compound is being administered therapeutically or if the source has it classified as therapeutic (i.e., N'ICE Sugarless Vitamin C Drops). HL: {isa} Biologically Active Substance UI: T173 RL: adjacent_to ABR: AD RIN: adjacent_to RTN: R2.2 DEF: Close to, near or abutting another physical unit with no other structure of the same kind intervening. This includes adjoins, abuts, is contiguous to, is juxtaposed, and is close to. HL: {isa} spatially_related_to STL: [Body Location or Region|Body Location or Region]; [Body Location or Region|Body Part, Organ, or Organ Component]; [Body Location or Region|Body Space or Junction]; [Body Part, Organ, or Organ Component|Body Part, Organ, or Organ Component]; [Body Part, Organ, or Organ Component|Body Space or Junction]; [Body Part, Organ, or Organ Component|Cell]; [Body Part, Organ, or Organ Component|Tissue]; [Body Space or Junction|Body Space or Junction]; [Cell Component|Body Space or Junction]; [Cell Component|Cell Component]; [Cell|Cell]; [Tissue|Body Space or Junction]; [Tissue|Tissue] UI: T151 RL: affects ABR: AF RIN: affected_by RTN: R3.1 DEF: Produces a direct effect on. Implied here is the altering or influencing of an existing condition, state, situation, or entity. This includes has a role in, alters, influences, predisposes, catalyzes, stimulates, regulates, depresses, impedes, enhances, contributes to, leads to, and modifies. HL: {isa} functionally_related_to; {inverse_isa} interacts_with; {inverse_isa} disrupts; {inverse_isa} prevents; {inverse_isa} complicates; {inverse_isa} manages; {inverse_isa} treats STL: [Anatomical Abnormality|Organism]; [Anatomical Abnormality|Physiologic Function]; [Behavior|Behavior]; [Behavior|Mental Process]; [Biologic Function|Organism]; [Cell Component|Physiologic Function]; [Chemical|Natural Phenomenon or Process]; [Diagnostic Procedure|Patient or Disabled Group]; [Food|Biologic Function]; [Gene or Genome|Physiologic Function]; [Health Care Activity|Biologic Function]; [Mental or Behavioral Dysfunction|Behavior]; [Mental Process|Behavior]; [Natural Phenomenon or Process|Natural Phenomenon or Process]; [Physiologic Function|Organism Attribute]; [Regulation or Law|Group]; [Regulation or Law|Organization]; [Research Activity|Mental Process]; [Therapeutic or Preventive Procedure|Patient or Disabled Group] UI: T193 RL: analyzes ABR: AN RIN: analyzed_by RTN: R5.3 DEF: Studies or examines using established quantitative or qualitative methods. HL: {isa} conceptually_related_to; {inverse_isa} assesses_effect_of STL: [Diagnostic Procedure|Body Substance]; [Diagnostic Procedure|Chemical]; [Laboratory Procedure|Body Substance]; [Laboratory Procedure|Chemical] UI: T164 RL: assesses_effect_of ABR: AE RIN: assessed_for_effect_by RTN: R5.3.1 DEF: Analyzes the influence or consequences of the function or action of. HL: {isa} analyzes STL: [Diagnostic Procedure|Chemical]; [Laboratory Procedure|Chemical]; [Laboratory Procedure|Natural Phenomenon or Process] UI: T166 RL: associated_with ABR: AW RIN: associated_with RTN: R DEF: has a significant or salient relationship to. HL: {inverse_isa} physically_related_to; {inverse_isa} temporally_related_to; {inverse_isa} functionally_related_to; {inverse_isa} conceptually_related_to; {inverse_isa} spatially_related_to STL: [Anatomical Abnormality|Organism Attribute]; [Behavior|Geographic Area]; [Behavior|Group Attribute]; [Behavior|Group]; [Behavior|Occupation or Discipline]; [Behavior|Organism Attribute]; [Biologically Active Substance|Virus]; [Daily or Recreational Activity|Anatomical Abnormality]; [Daily or Recreational Activity|Injury or Poisoning]; [Daily or Recreational Activity|Pathologic Function]; [Finding|Anatomical Abnormality]; [Finding|Injury or Poisoning]; [Finding|Pathologic Function]; [Geographic Area|Anatomical Abnormality]; [Geographic Area|Injury or Poisoning]; [Geographic Area|Pathologic Function]; [Individual Behavior|Anatomical Abnormality]; [Individual Behavior|Injury or Poisoning]; [Individual Behavior|Pathologic Function]; [Injury or Poisoning|Organism Attribute]; [Occupational Activity|Anatomical Abnormality]; [Occupational Activity|Injury or Poisoning]; [Occupational Activity|Pathologic Function]; [Organism Attribute|Organism Attribute]; [Pathologic Function|Organism Attribute]; [Pathologic Function|Pathologic Function]; [Population Group|Anatomical Abnormality]; [Population Group|Injury or Poisoning]; [Population Group|Pathologic Function] UI: T198 RL: branch_of ABR: BR RIN: has_branch RTN: R1.6 DEF: Arises from the division of. For example, the arborization of arteries. HL: {isa} physically_related_to STL: [Body Part, Organ, or Organ Component|Body Part, Organ, or Organ Component] UI: T187 RL: brings_about ABR: BA RIN: brought_about_by RTN: R3.2 DEF: Acts on or influences an entity. HL: {isa} functionally_related_to; {inverse_isa} produces; {inverse_isa} causes STL: UI: T141 RL: carries_out ABR: CO RIN: carried_out_by RTN: R3.3.1 DEF: Executes a function or performs a procedure or activity. This includes transacts, operates on, handles, and executes. HL: {isa} performs STL: [Gene or Genome|Molecular Function]; [Organization|Occupational Activity] UI: T147 RL: causes ABR: CA RIN: caused_by RTN: R3.2.2 DEF: Brings about a condition or an effect. Implied here is that an agent, such as for example, a pharmacologic substance or an organism, has brought about the effect. This includes induces, effects, evokes, and etiology. HL: {isa} brings_about STL: [Bacterium|Pathologic Function]; [Fungus|Pathologic Function]; [Invertebrate|Pathologic Function]; [Manufactured Object|Anatomical Abnormality]; [Manufactured Object|Injury or Poisoning]; [Manufactured Object|Pathologic Function]; [Rickettsia or Chlamydia|Pathologic Function]; [Substance|Anatomical Abnormality]; [Substance|Injury or Poisoning]; [Substance|Pathologic Function]; [Virus|Pathologic Function] UI: T137 RL: co-occurs_with ABR: CW RIN: co-occurs_with RTN: R4.1 DEF: Occurs at the same time as, together with, or jointly. This includes is co-incident with, is concurrent with, is contemporaneous with, accompanies, coexists with, and is concomitant with. HL: {isa} temporally_related_to STL: [Acquired Abnormality|Injury or Poisoning]; [Anatomical Abnormality|Anatomical Abnormality]; [Finding|Finding]; [Injury or Poisoning|Injury or Poisoning]; [Pathologic Function|Anatomical Abnormality]; [Pathologic Function|Injury or Poisoning]; [Pathologic Function|Pathologic Function]; [Physiologic Function|Physiologic Function] UI: T149 RL: complicates ABR: CM RIN: complicated_by RTN: R3.1.4 DEF: Causes to become more severe or complex or results in adverse effects. HL: {isa} affects STL: [Anatomical Abnormality|Anatomical Abnormality]; [Biologically Active Substance|Anatomical Abnormality]; [Biologically Active Substance|Biologic Function]; [Biologically Active Substance|Injury or Poisoning]; [Hazardous or Poisonous Substance|Anatomical Abnormality]; [Hazardous or Poisonous Substance|Biologic Function]; [Hazardous or Poisonous Substance|Injury or Poisoning]; [Injury or Poisoning|Anatomical Abnormality]; [Injury or Poisoning|Pathologic Function]; [Pathologic Function|Anatomical Abnormality]; [Pathologic Function|Injury or Poisoning]; [Pathologic Function|Pathologic Function]; [Pharmacologic Substance|Anatomical Abnormality]; [Pharmacologic Substance|Biologic Function]; [Pharmacologic Substance|Injury or Poisoning]; [Therapeutic or Preventive Procedure|Biologic Function] UI: T160 RL: conceptual_part_of ABR: CP RIN: has_conceptual_part RTN: R5.11 DEF: Conceptually a portion, division, or component of some larger whole. INH: N HL: {isa} conceptually_related_to STL: [Body Location or Region|Body Location or Region]; [Body Location or Region|Body System]; [Body Location or Region|Fully Formed Anatomical Structure]; [Body Part, Organ, or Organ Component|Body System]; [Body Space or Junction|Body System]; [Body Space or Junction|Fully Formed Anatomical Structure]; [Body Substance|Body System]; [Body System|Body System]; [Body System|Fully Formed Anatomical Structure]; [Cell Component|Body System]; [Cell|Body System]; [Idea or Concept|Behavior]; [Intellectual Product|Diagnostic Procedure]; [Intellectual Product|Intellectual Product]; [Laboratory or Test Result|Laboratory or Test Result]; [Occupation or Discipline|Occupation or Discipline]; [Organ or Tissue Function|Temporal Concept]; [Organism Function|Temporal Concept]; [Quantitative Concept|Therapeutic or Preventive Procedure]; [Social Behavior|Social Behavior]; [Temporal Concept|Cell Function]; [Temporal Concept|Organ or Tissue Function]; [Temporal Concept|Organism Function]; [Temporal Concept|Temporal Concept]; [Tissue|Body System] UI: T158 RL: conceptually_related_to ABR: CR RIN: conceptually_related_to RTN: R5 DEF: Related by some abstract concept, thought, or idea. INH: N HL: {isa} associated_with; {inverse_isa} property_of; {inverse_isa} conceptual_part_of; {inverse_isa} evaluation_of; {inverse_isa} measures; {inverse_isa} diagnoses; {inverse_isa} issue_in; {inverse_isa} derivative_of; {inverse_isa} developmental_form_of; {inverse_isa} degree_of; {inverse_isa} measurement_of; {inverse_isa} method_of; {inverse_isa} analyzes STL: [Disease or Syndrome|Experimental Model of Disease]; [Individual Behavior|Idea or Concept] UI: T174 RL: connected_to ABR: CN RIN: connected_to RTN: R1.4 DEF: Directly attached to another physical unit as tendons are connected to muscles. This includes attached to and anchored to. HL: {isa} physically_related_to STL: [Body Location or Region|Body Location or Region]; [Body Part, Organ, or Organ Component|Body Part, Organ, or Organ Component]; [Body Part, Organ, or Organ Component|Body Space or Junction]; [Body Part, Organ, or Organ Component|Body Substance]; [Body Part, Organ, or Organ Component|Tissue]; [Body Space or Junction|Tissue] UI: T172 RL: consists_of ABR: CS RIN: constitutes RTN: R1.2 DEF: Is structurally made up of in whole or in part of some material or matter. This includes composed of, made of, and formed of. HL: {isa} physically_related_to STL: [Amino Acid, Peptide, or Protein|Amino Acid, Peptide, or Protein]; [Body Part, Organ, or Organ Component|Body Part, Organ, or Organ Component]; [Body Part, Organ, or Organ Component|Body Substance]; [Body Substance|Body Substance]; [Body Substance|Organic Chemical]; [Cell|Cell]; [Gene or Genome|Gene or Genome]; [Tissue|Tissue] UI: T134 RL: contains ABR: CT RIN: contained_in RTN: R1.3 DEF: Holds or is the receptacle for fluids or other substances. This includes is filled with, holds, and is occupied by. HL: {isa} physically_related_to STL: [Body Space or Junction|Body Part, Organ, or Organ Component]; [Body Space or Junction|Body Substance]; [Body Space or Junction|Tissue]; [Drug Delivery Device|Clinical Drug]; [Embryonic Structure|Body Substance]; [Fully Formed Anatomical Structure|Body Substance] UI: T180 RL: degree_of ABR: DE RIN: has_degree RTN: R5.2 DEF: The relative intensity of a process or the relative intensity or amount of a quality or attribute. HL: {isa} conceptually_related_to STL: [Organ or Tissue Function|Organ or Tissue Function]; [Organism Attribute|Organism Attribute]; [Organism Function|Organism Function]; [Pathologic Function|Pathologic Function]; [Sign or Symptom|Sign or Symptom] UI: T178 RL: derivative_of ABR: DO RIN: has_derivative RTN: R5.8 DEF: In chemistry, a substance structurally related to another or that can be made from the other substance. This is used only for structural relationships. This does not include functional relationships such as metabolite of, by product of, nor analog of. HL: {isa} conceptually_related_to STL: [Body Substance|Tissue] UI: T179 RL: developmental_form_of ABR: DF RIN: has_developmental_form RTN: R5.9 DEF: An earlier stage in the individual maturation of. HL: {isa} conceptually_related_to STL: [Body Part, Organ, or Organ Component|Body Part, Organ, or Organ Component]; [Cell|Cell]; [Embryonic Structure|Body Part, Organ, or Organ Component]; [Embryonic Structure|Cell]; [Embryonic Structure|Embryonic Structure]; [Embryonic Structure|Tissue]; [Tissue|Body Part, Organ, or Organ Component]; [Tissue|Tissue] UI: T163 RL: diagnoses ABR: DI RIN: diagnosed_by RTN: R5.6 DEF: Distinguishes or identifies the nature or characteristics of. HL: {isa} conceptually_related_to STL: [Diagnostic Procedure|Anatomical Abnormality]; [Diagnostic Procedure|Injury or Poisoning]; [Diagnostic Procedure|Pathologic Function]; [Laboratory Procedure|Anatomical Abnormality]; [Laboratory Procedure|Injury or Poisoning]; [Laboratory Procedure|Pathologic Function]; [Pharmacologic Substance|Pathologic Function]; [Professional or Occupational Group|Pathologic Function]; [Sign or Symptom|Anatomical Abnormality]; [Sign or Symptom|Injury or Poisoning]; [Sign or Symptom|Pathologic Function] UI: T146 RL: disrupts ABR: DS RIN: disrupted_by RTN: R3.1.3 DEF: Alters or influences an already existing condition, state, or situation. Produces a negative effect on. HL: {isa} affects STL: [Biologically Active Substance|Embryonic Structure]; [Biologically Active Substance|Fully Formed Anatomical Structure]; [Biologically Active Substance|Physiologic Function]; [Hazardous or Poisonous Substance|Embryonic Structure]; [Hazardous or Poisonous Substance|Fully Formed Anatomical Structure]; [Hazardous or Poisonous Substance|Physiologic Function]; [Injury or Poisoning|Embryonic Structure]; [Injury or Poisoning|Fully Formed Anatomical Structure]; [Injury or Poisoning|Physiologic Function]; [Pharmacologic Substance|Embryonic Structure]; [Pharmacologic Substance|Fully Formed Anatomical Structure]; [Pharmacologic Substance|Physiologic Function] UI: T161 RL: evaluation_of ABR: EV RIN: has_evaluation RTN: R5.1 DEF: Judgment of the value or degree of some attribute or process. HL: {isa} conceptually_related_to STL: [Finding|Biologic Function]; [Finding|Organism Attribute]; [Qualitative Concept|Activity] UI: T145 RL: exhibits ABR: EX RIN: exhibited_by RTN: R3.3.2 DEF: Shows or demonstrates. HL: {isa} performs STL: [Animal|Behavior]; [Group|Behavior] UI: T139 RL: functionally_related_to ABR: FR RIN: functionally_related_to RTN: R3 DEF: Related by the carrying out of some function or activity. HL: {isa} associated_with; {inverse_isa} manifestation_of; {inverse_isa} affects; {inverse_isa} occurs_in; {inverse_isa} uses; {inverse_isa} indicates; {inverse_isa} result_of; {inverse_isa} brings_about; {inverse_isa} performs STL: UI: T156 RL: indicates ABR: IN RIN: indicated_by RTN: R3.7 DEF: Gives evidence for the presence at some time of an entity or process. HL: {isa} functionally_related_to STL: [Immunologic Factor|Bacterium]; [Immunologic Factor|Pathologic Function]; [Immunologic Factor|Rickettsia or Chlamydia]; [Immunologic Factor|Virus]; [Laboratory or Test Result|Anatomical Abnormality]; [Laboratory or Test Result|Biologic Function]; [Laboratory or Test Result|Injury or Poisoning] UI: T202 RL: ingredient_of ABR: IG RIN: has_ingredient RTN: R1.8 DEF: Is a component of, as in a constituent of a preparation. HL: {isa} physically_related_to STL: [Substance|Clinical Drug] UI: T142 RL: interacts_with ABR: IW RIN: interacts_with RTN: R3.1.5 DEF: Acts, functions, or operates together with. HL: {isa} affects STL: [Chemical|Chemical]; [Group|Group]; [Organism|Organism] UI: T175 RL: interconnects ABR: IC RIN: interconnected_by RTN: R1.5 DEF: Serves to link or join together two or more other physical units. This includes joins, links, conjoins, articulates, separates, and bridges. HL: {isa} physically_related_to STL: [Body Part, Organ, or Organ Component|Body Space or Junction]; [Body Space or Junction|Cell]; [Embryonic Structure|Embryonic Structure] UI: T186 RL: isa ABR: IS RIN: inverse_isa RTN: H DEF: The basic hierarchical link in the Network. If one item "isa" another item then the first item is more specific in meaning than the second item. HL: UI: T165 RL: issue_in ABR: II RIN: has_issue RTN: R5.12 DEF: Is an issue in or a point of discussion, study, debate, or dispute. HL: {isa} conceptually_related_to STL: [Entity|Occupation or Discipline]; [Event|Occupation or Discipline] UI: T135 RL: location_of ABR: LO RIN: has_location RTN: R2.1 DEF: The position, site, or region of an entity or the site of a process. HL: {isa} spatially_related_to STL: [Anatomical Abnormality|Pathologic Function]; [Anatomical Structure|Bacterium]; [Anatomical Structure|Fungus]; [Anatomical Structure|Rickettsia or Chlamydia]; [Anatomical Structure|Virus]; [Bacterium|Biologically Active Substance]; [Body Location or Region|Anatomical Abnormality]; [Body Location or Region|Biologic Function]; [Body Location or Region|Body Location or Region]; [Body Location or Region|Body Part, Organ, or Organ Component]; [Body Location or Region|Diagnostic Procedure]; [Body Location or Region|Injury or Poisoning]; [Body Location or Region|Therapeutic or Preventive Procedure]; [Body Location or Region|Tissue]; [Body Part, Organ, or Organ Component|Body Location or Region]; [Body Part, Organ, or Organ Component|Body Space or Junction]; [Body Part, Organ, or Organ Component|Diagnostic Procedure]; [Body Part, Organ, or Organ Component|Therapeutic or Preventive Procedure]; [Body Space or Junction|Anatomical Abnormality]; [Body Space or Junction|Biologic Function]; [Body Space or Junction|Body Space or Junction]; [Body Space or Junction|Body Substance]; [Body Space or Junction|Cell Component]; [Body Space or Junction|Diagnostic Procedure]; [Body Space or Junction|Injury or Poisoning]; [Body Space or Junction|Therapeutic or Preventive Procedure]; [Cell Component|Body Space or Junction]; [Cell Component|Diagnostic Procedure]; [Cell Component|Therapeutic or Preventive Procedure]; [Cell|Body Space or Junction]; [Cell|Diagnostic Procedure]; [Cell|Therapeutic or Preventive Procedure]; [Embryonic Structure|Biologic Function]; [Fully Formed Anatomical Structure|Anatomical Abnormality]; [Fully Formed Anatomical Structure|Biologic Function]; [Fully Formed Anatomical Structure|Injury or Poisoning]; [Fungus|Biologically Active Substance]; [Organization|Occupational Activity]; [Plant|Biologically Active Substance]; [Rickettsia or Chlamydia|Biologically Active Substance]; [Tissue|Body Space or Junction]; [Tissue|Diagnostic Procedure]; [Tissue|Therapeutic or Preventive Procedure]; [Virus|Biologically Active Substance] UI: T153 RL: manages ABR: MN RIN: managed_by RTN: R3.1.1 DEF: Administers, or contributes to the care of an individual or group of individuals. HL: {isa} affects STL: [Health Care Related Organization|Patient or Disabled Group]; [Professional or Occupational Group|Organization]; [Self-help or Relief Organization|Patient or Disabled Group] UI: T150 RL: manifestation_of ABR: MF RIN: has_manifestation RTN: R3.6 DEF: That part of a phenomenon which is directly observable or concretely or visibly expressed, or which gives evidence to the underlying process. This includes expression of, display of, and exhibition of. HL: {isa} functionally_related_to STL: [Anatomical Abnormality|Biologic Function]; [Behavior|Mental or Behavioral Dysfunction]; [Behavior|Mental Process]; [Finding|Anatomical Abnormality]; [Finding|Biologic Function]; [Finding|Injury or Poisoning]; [Organism Attribute|Physiologic Function]; [Pathologic Function|Injury or Poisoning]; [Pathologic Function|Pathologic Function]; [Pathologic Function|Physiologic Function] UI: T182 RL: measurement_of ABR: ME RIN: has_measurement RTN: R5.4 DEF: The dimension, quantity, or capacity determined by measuring. HL: {isa} conceptually_related_to STL: [Laboratory or Test Result|Physiologic Function]; [Laboratory or Test Result|Substance]; [Organism Attribute|Physiologic Function]; [Quantitative Concept|Physiologic Function]; [Quantitative Concept|Spatial Concept] UI: T162 RL: measures ABR: MS RIN: measured_by RTN: R5.5 DEF: Ascertains or marks the dimensions, quantity, degree, or capacity of. HL: {isa} conceptually_related_to STL: [Diagnostic Procedure|Body Substance]; [Diagnostic Procedure|Chemical]; [Diagnostic Procedure|Natural Phenomenon or Process]; [Diagnostic Procedure|Organism Attribute]; [Diagnostic Procedure|Quantitative Concept]; [Diagnostic Procedure|Temporal Concept]; [Laboratory Procedure|Body Substance]; [Laboratory Procedure|Chemical]; [Laboratory Procedure|Natural Phenomenon or Process]; [Laboratory Procedure|Organism Attribute]; [Laboratory Procedure|Quantitative Concept]; [Laboratory Procedure|Temporal Concept]; [Research Activity|Body Substance]; [Research Activity|Chemical]; [Research Activity|Natural Phenomenon or Process]; [Research Activity|Organism Attribute]; [Research Activity|Quantitative Concept]; [Research Activity|Temporal Concept] UI: T183 RL: method_of ABR: MT RIN: has_method RTN: R5.10 DEF: The manner and sequence of events in performing an act or procedure. HL: {isa} conceptually_related_to STL: [Diagnostic Procedure|Diagnostic Procedure]; [Laboratory Procedure|Diagnostic Procedure]; [Laboratory Procedure|Laboratory Procedure]; [Laboratory Procedure|Therapeutic or Preventive Procedure]; [Machine Activity|Diagnostic Procedure]; [Machine Activity|Laboratory Procedure]; [Machine Activity|Therapeutic or Preventive Procedure]; [Molecular Biology Research Technique|Diagnostic Procedure]; [Molecular Biology Research Technique|Therapeutic or Preventive Procedure]; [Occupational Activity|Occupation or Discipline]; [Therapeutic or Preventive Procedure|Therapeutic or Preventive Procedure] UI: T152 RL: occurs_in ABR: OC RIN: has_occurrence RTN: R3.4 DEF: Takes place in or happens under given conditions, circumstances, or time periods, or in a given location or population. This includes appears in, transpires, comes about, is present in, and exists in. HL: {isa} functionally_related_to; {inverse_isa} process_of STL: [Anatomical Abnormality|Group]; [Injury or Poisoning|Group]; [Organ or Tissue Function|Organism Function]; [Pathologic Function|Disease or Syndrome]; [Pathologic Function|Group]; [Pathologic Function|Injury or Poisoning]; [Physiologic Function|Temporal Concept] UI: T133 RL: part_of ABR: PT RIN: has_part RTN: R1.1 DEF: Composes, with one or more other physical units, some larger whole. This includes component of, division of, portion of, fragment of, section of, and layer of. HL: {isa} physically_related_to STL: [Anatomical Structure|Organism]; [Body Part, Organ, or Organ Component|Body Part, Organ, or Organ Component]; [Body Space or Junction|Body Part, Organ, or Organ Component]; [Body Substance|Body Part, Organ, or Organ Component]; [Body Substance|Body Substance]; [Cell Component|Body Part, Organ, or Organ Component]; [Cell Component|Cell Component]; [Cell Component|Cell]; [Cell Component|Tissue]; [Cell|Body Part, Organ, or Organ Component]; [Cell|Cell]; [Cell|Tissue]; [Embryonic Structure|Cell]; [Embryonic Structure|Embryonic Structure]; [Gene or Genome|Body Part, Organ, or Organ Component]; [Gene or Genome|Cell Component]; [Gene or Genome|Cell]; [Gene or Genome|Tissue]; [Nucleotide Sequence|Nucleotide Sequence]; [Tissue|Body Part, Organ, or Organ Component]; [Tissue|Tissue] UI: T188 RL: performs ABR: PE RIN: performed_by RTN: R3.3 DEF: Executes, accomplishes, or achieves an activity. HL: {isa} functionally_related_to; {inverse_isa} carries_out; {inverse_isa} practices; {inverse_isa} exhibits STL: [Group|Activity] UI: T132 RL: physically_related_to ABR: PR RIN: physically_related_to RTN: R1 DEF: Related by virtue of some physical attribute or characteristic. HL: {isa} associated_with; {inverse_isa} part_of; {inverse_isa} contains; {inverse_isa} consists_of; {inverse_isa} connected_to; {inverse_isa} interconnects; {inverse_isa} branch_of; {inverse_isa} tributary_of; {inverse_isa} ingredient_of STL: UI: T143 RL: practices ABR: PA RIN: practiced_by RTN: R3.3.3 DEF: Performs habitually or customarily. HL: {isa} performs STL: [Professional or Occupational Group|Occupation or Discipline] UI: T138 RL: precedes ABR: PC RIN: follows RTN: R4.2 DEF: Occurs earlier in time. This includes antedates, comes before, is in advance of, predates, and is prior to. HL: {isa} temporally_related_to STL: [Diagnostic Procedure|Therapeutic or Preventive Procedure]; [Pathologic Function|Pathologic Function]; [Physiologic Function|Physiologic Function] UI: T148 RL: prevents ABR: PV RIN: prevented_by RTN: R3.1.6 DEF: Stops, hinders or eliminates an action or condition. HL: {isa} affects STL: [Medical Device|Injury or Poisoning]; [Medical Device|Pathologic Function]; [Pharmacologic Substance|Pathologic Function]; [Therapeutic or Preventive Procedure|Pathologic Function] UI: T140 RL: process_of ABR: PO RIN: has_process RTN: R3.4.1 DEF: Action, function, or state of. HL: {isa} occurs_in STL: [Biologic Function|Organism]; [Individual Behavior|Social Behavior]; [Natural Phenomenon or Process|Natural Phenomenon or Process] STLB: [Mental or Behavioral Dysfunction|Bacterium]; [Mental or Behavioral Dysfunction|Fungus]; [Mental or Behavioral Dysfunction|Plant]; [Mental or Behavioral Dysfunction|Rickettsia or Chlamydia]; [Mental or Behavioral Dysfunction|Virus]; [Mental Process|Bacterium]; [Mental Process|Fungus]; [Mental Process|Plant]; [Mental Process|Rickettsia or Chlamydia]; [Mental Process|Virus] UI: T144 RL: produces ABR: PS RIN: produced_by RTN: R3.2.1 DEF: Brings forth, generates or creates. This includes yields, secretes, emits, biosynthesizes, generates, releases, discharges, and creates. HL: {isa} brings_about STL: [Biologic Function|Biologically Active Substance]; [Biologic Function|Body Substance]; [Disease or Syndrome|Tissue]; [Fully Formed Anatomical Structure|Biologically Active Substance]; [Fully Formed Anatomical Structure|Body Substance]; [Fully Formed Anatomical Structure|Organic Chemical]; [Genetic Function|Cell Component]; [Group|Intellectual Product]; [Group|Manufactured Object]; [Organism Function|Age Group]; [Organism Function|Family Group]; [Organization|Intellectual Product] UI: T159 RL: property_of ABR: PP RIN: has_property RTN: R5.7 DEF: Characteristic of, or quality of. HL: {isa} conceptually_related_to STL: [Amino Acid Sequence|Amino Acid, Peptide, or Protein]; [Amino Acid Sequence|Gene or Genome]; [Group Attribute|Group]; [Nucleotide Sequence|Gene or Genome]; [Nucleotide Sequence|Nucleic Acid, Nucleoside, or Nucleotide]; [Organism Attribute|Organism] UI: T157 RL: result_of ABR: RO RIN: has_result RTN: R3.8 DEF: The condition, product, or state occurring as a consequence, effect, or conclusion of an activity or process. This includes product of, effect of, sequel of, outcome of, culmination of, and completion of. HL: {isa} functionally_related_to STL: [Acquired Abnormality|Behavior]; [Anatomical Abnormality|Anatomical Abnormality]; [Anatomical Abnormality|Health Care Activity]; [Anatomical Abnormality|Phenomenon or Process]; [Behavior|Mental Process]; [Idea or Concept|Mental Process]; [Injury or Poisoning|Behavior]; [Injury or Poisoning|Health Care Activity]; [Laboratory or Test Result|Diagnostic Procedure]; [Laboratory or Test Result|Laboratory Procedure]; [Mental Process|Behavior]; [Organism Attribute|Phenomenon or Process]; [Pathologic Function|Behavior]; [Pathologic Function|Health Care Activity]; [Phenomenon or Process|Anatomical Abnormality]; [Phenomenon or Process|Phenomenon or Process] UI: T189 RL: spatially_related_to ABR: SP RIN: spatially_related_to RTN: R2 DEF: Related by place or region. HL: {isa} associated_with; {inverse_isa} location_of; {inverse_isa} adjacent_to; {inverse_isa} surrounds; {inverse_isa} traverses STL: UI: T176 RL: surrounds ABR: SR RIN: surrounded_by RTN: R2.3 DEF: Establishes the boundaries for, or defines the limits of another physical structure. This includes limits, bounds, confines, encloses, and circumscribes. HL: {isa} spatially_related_to STL: [Body Part, Organ, or Organ Component|Body Part, Organ, or Organ Component]; [Body Part, Organ, or Organ Component|Tissue]; [Body Space or Junction|Body Space or Junction]; [Body Space or Junction|Cell]; [Body Substance|Embryonic Structure]; [Cell Component|Cell Component]; [Embryonic Structure|Cell]; [Embryonic Structure|Embryonic Structure]; [Tissue|Body Space or Junction]; [Tissue|Body Substance]; [Tissue|Cell Component]; [Tissue|Cell]; [Tissue|Tissue] UI: T136 RL: temporally_related_to ABR: TR RIN: temporally_related_to RTN: R4 DEF: Related in time by preceding, co-occuring with, or following. HL: {isa} associated_with; {inverse_isa} co-occurs_with; {inverse_isa} precedes STL: UI: T177 RL: traverses ABR: TV RIN: traversed_by RTN: R2.4 DEF: Crosses or extends across another physical structure or area. This includes crosses over and crosses through. HL: {isa} spatially_related_to STL: [Body Location or Region|Body Location or Region]; [Body Part, Organ, or Organ Component|Body Part, Organ, or Organ Component] UI: T154 RL: treats ABR: TS RIN: treated_by RTN: R3.1.2 DEF: Applies a remedy with the object of effecting a cure or managing a condition. HL: {isa} affects STL: [Medical Device|Anatomical Abnormality]; [Medical Device|Injury or Poisoning]; [Medical Device|Pathologic Function]; [Medical Device|Sign or Symptom]; [Pharmacologic Substance|Anatomical Abnormality]; [Pharmacologic Substance|Injury or Poisoning]; [Pharmacologic Substance|Pathologic Function]; [Pharmacologic Substance|Sign or Symptom]; [Professional or Occupational Group|Patient or Disabled Group]; [Therapeutic or Preventive Procedure|Anatomical Abnormality]; [Therapeutic or Preventive Procedure|Injury or Poisoning]; [Therapeutic or Preventive Procedure|Pathologic Function]; [Therapeutic or Preventive Procedure|Sign or Symptom] UI: T199 RL: tributary_of ABR: TB RIN: has_tributary RTN: R1.7 DEF: Merges with. For example, the confluence of veins. HL: {isa} physically_related_to STL: [Body Part, Organ, or Organ Component|Body Part, Organ, or Organ Component] UI: T155 RL: uses ABR: US RIN: used_by RTN: R3.5 DEF: Employs in the carrying out of some activity. This includes applies, utilizes, employs, and avails. HL: {isa} functionally_related_to STL: [Diagnostic Procedure|Manufactured Object]; [Diagnostic Procedure|Pharmacologic Substance]; [Group|Intellectual Product]; [Group|Manufactured Object]; [Research Activity|Research Device]; [Therapeutic or Preventive Procedure|Food]; [Therapeutic or Preventive Procedure|Manufactured Object]; [Therapeutic or Preventive Procedure|Pharmacologic Substance]